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Solutions: PUBS AND CLUBS - Air change rate per hour 12 minimum Draughts, dust, traffic fumes and noise usually result in windows and doors being kept closed as much as possible. The simple form of controlled mechanical ventilation provided by extract fans is all that is needed to remove unwanted air, smoke and odours; and to bring in fresher, cooler air to give more comfortable conditions. In those buildings where food and drink are prepared and consumed, good ventilation is essential to hygiene. Normally, a ventilation installation for this type of area is straightforward. A number of window, wall or roof units may be used to give the required ventilation rate. The units should be well distributed at high level and located to give cross ventilation from suitable air replacement points. These can be doors and windows or inlet louvres at the opposite ends of rooms from the units. The louvres should deflect incoming air upwards to minimise draughts. Where there are false or suspended ceilings, in-line fans and ductwork can be concealed, with grilles or registers sited to be most effective. Particular attention should be paid to remove the risk of passive smoking, especially for bar staff. Position air replacement sources over the bar area, to create an air movement away from the bar towards the extract points. Place pool tables, dart boards, fruit machines, etc., close to extract points to remove tobacco smoke at source and prevent drift. No cords or controllers should be accessible to the public. Single or multi-unit controllers will be necessary to cope with widely varying conditions, and should be located where they may be controlled by the staff.
Reversible fans allow air replacement from the most suitable source and give a simple installation. Dedicated intake systems may require filtration and heating to prevent unwanted draughts. Ensure adequate air replacement is available for any fuel burning appliances, open fires and log effect gas fires, when all fans are on extract. TOILET ACCOMMODATION Legal minimum requirements must be regarded as just that. Recommended rates are 10 ACH, as the area must be classified as unsupervised. Building regulations ask for 6 l/s per WC, but in gents' areas the urinal area can be the main problem, treat each individual urinal, or "standing space" for trough urinals as half a WC and calculate accordingly. DISCOS - Air change rate per hour 12 minimum The same problems exist as in Pubs and Clubs, with the addition of body heat from the occupants, which require a high rate of air change. Where noise transfer to the outside is sensitive in discotheques, attenuation can be fitted to either individual fans or duct systems to reduce noise break-out to acceptable levels. Particular attention should be paid to air replacement to ensure that the dancers are not subjected to draughts. Up to 1kW per person can be generated by enthusiastic and energetic dancing, so heating provision is not usually necessary. Special effect lighting can also create a problem. Refer to the Section on heat removal. Ceiling sweep fans create air movement, but do not contribute to actual ventilation levels. For safety, the impeller should be at least 3m above floor level. Do not site sweep fans below bright lights as the passage of the blades at certain RPM's can create unwanted stroboscopic effects. Single of multi-unit controllers will be required to cope with widely varying conditions and should be placed under the control of the staff.
Arrangement of fans and ducts to create cross flow ventilation where only one external wall is available. Ensure that the scheme complies with relevant local authority by-laws and fire regulations.
SIZE AND NUMBER OF VENTILATION UNITS
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